The invention discloses a master-slave stepping motor control system based on wireless serial port transmission. The master-slave stepping motor control system comprises a master device and at least one slave device. The master device comprises a master controller with a human-computer interface, and a wireless serial port transmit-receive module. Each slave device comprises a microcontroller, a data memory FLASH, a wireless serial port transmit-receive module, a stepping motor driver and a stepping motor. The wireless serial port transmit-receive module on the master device is in communication transmission with the wireless serial port transmit-receive module on each slave device through a wireless serial port protocol. The microcontroller and the wireless serial port transmit-receive module on the slave device are connected through an RS485 interface. The microcontroller on the slave device is connected with the stepping motor driver through an I/O port so as to control the speed, direction and revolution of the stepping motor. The invention provides the master-slave stepping motor control system based on wireless serial port transmission, the transmission speed is high, the transmission error rate is lowered by encryption and error correction functions in communication, and power down protection is realized for information of each slave device.