The invention discloses a shaft hoisting locking device and belongs to the technical field of engineering fixtures. The device comprises a fastener, a connecting piece and a fixed rack, wherein a circular holding space is formed in the center of the fastener, and a shaft can be locked in the holding space; and one end of the connecting piece is connected to the fastener, and the other end of the connecting piece is connected with the fixed rack. According to the invention, a shaft to be hoisted and locked is fixed to the fixed rack so as to avoid vertical displacement of the shaft to be hoisted and lock. Since the shaft to the hoisted and locked can penetrate through and be locked in the circular holding space in the center of the fastener, relative rotation generated between the shaft to be hoisted and locked and the fastener can be eliminated. When the device is used for hoisting and locking a ship propeller shaft, rotation or displacement of the ship propeller shaft can be eliminated.