The invention provides a valve-regulation sealed lead acid battery state estimation and prediction method used for a transformer substation UPS, and relates to the field of equipment reliability. The invention aims to solve the problems that an existing storage battery management method leads to poor operation reliability of an electric power system and the maintainability of the storage battery health state is poor. The method comprises the steps of: selecting a single storage battery in a serial battery group of the transformer substation UPS; establishing an electrochemical module for the storage battery; according to a Ritz approximate method, giving a storage battery load current; obtaining a storage battery output voltage; inputting the same DST conditions to the electrochemical module and adjusting a parameter set by being combined with a genetic algorithm; enabling an electrochemical module output voltage to be equal to the storage battery output voltage Vcell which is measured in real, and obtaining the parameter set in the storage batter at the moment; and simulating a storage battery end voltage curve under any charging and discharging current Id conditions, and thereby finishing the storage battery state estimation and prediction. The method is used for predicting the internal state of the storage battery.