The invention discloses an energy resonance system capable of recognizing microthrix parvicella and a preparation method of the energy resonance system. A cadmium telluride quantum dot and a long-chain alkyl rhodamine fluorescence probe are prepared first, and then microthrix parvicella is recognized through the resonance system prepared with a quaternary ammonium salt solution as the carrier. The quantum yield of the long-chain alkyl rhodamine fluorescence probe is high, the fluorescence intensity is high, the fluorescence property is stable, and the recognition concentration is lowered to 0.05 micromole/L after resonance. Energy can be transferred to the fluorescence probe through energy resonance by means of the prepared quantum dot, and therefore the microthrix parvicella recognition concentration of the fluorescence probe is lowered to 0.05 micromole/L from 10 micromole/L.