The invention provides a system and a method for road safety detection based on binocular cameras for automatic driving. The system comprise a positioning module, an image acquisition module, a safe driving map providing module, an image processing module, a drive decision-making and vehicle control module. The binocular cameras are adopted for lane line detection and lane right detection. In this way, the sensor cost is relatively low, and sensor resources about lane line detection and lane right detection are shared. In addition, the combination of lane line detection and lane right detection improves the detection precision and robustness and saves the space available in vehicles.