The present invention discloses an optical device spectral response measurement method, and belongs to the microwave photon measurement technology field. The method comprises the steps of utilizing a double-sideband phase modulation method and a double-sideband amplitude modulation method to modulate a microwave swept-frequency signal on an optical carrier separately to obtain a double-sideband phase modulation signal and a double-sideband amplitude modulation signal separately; taking the double-sideband phase modulation signal and the double-sideband amplitude modulation signal as the detection signals separately, enabling the detection signals to pass a to-be-measured optical device, then carrying out the beat frequency, transforming the spectral response information of the to-be-measured optical device into an electric domain, and then utilizing an amplitude phase extraction method to extract a transmission function of the to-be-measured optical device; adding and subtracting the transmission functions of the to-be-measured optical device under the two detection signals separately to obtain a broadband transmission function of the to-be-measured optical device. The present invention also discloses an optical device spectral response measurement. The measurement device of the present invention has a wider measurement range, and can work at any wavelength.