The invention relates to a rail vehicle's branch facing formula disc brake's brake lining and an arranging system and operation method thereof. The brake lining has a lining support (2) and a plurality of grouped components disposed on the lining support. Each grouped component comprises a support plate (5) and a plurality of lining components disposed herein. The support plates are provided with at least two kinds of the lining components having friction faces in different sizes, and all surfaces of the lining components are at least approximately disposed in a ring section. The lining support is provided with at least two kinds of the different first and second grouped components. The number of the lining components (41) having large friction faces is greater than the number of lining components (42) having small friction faces in the first grouped components (4), and the number of lining components having large friction faces is less than the number of lining components having small friction faces in the second grouped components (4'). The center of an imaginary circle containing the ring section is radially disposed on the lining support in the first grouped components more outwardly than in the second grouped components.