The invention discloses an integrated circuit radiation failure detection system for simulating a special space environment. The detection system comprises an integrated circuit to-be-detected, and is characterized by further comprising a radiation source simulation assembly, a wireless transmitting module, a wireless receiving module and an upper computer, wherein the radiation source simulation assembly influences the integrated circuit to-be-detected; the integrated circuit to-be-detected is connected with the wireless transmitting module; the information is transmitted out, received by the wireless receiving module and uploaded to the upper computer for performing result analysis, and a remote monitoring detection function is realized. With the adoption of the structure and method, the detection system disclosed by the invention has the advantages of obvious simulation effect, accurate detection, safety, radiation avoidance and the like.