The invention discloses a pre-stress post-pouring floor construction method comprising the following steps: pre-burying anchorage devices and pipelines, inserting and anchoring steel bars, connecting and tensioning sleeves, welding a steel bar truss, and suspending a template. The method pre-buries the anchorage devices and pipelines so as to provide a simple and convenient mode for steel bar construction in the post-pouring floor, high cost complex bar plantation with complex construction is not needed, and a reserved steel bar method with uncontrollable bending damages is not needed; the sleeves are connected to generate tension force, thus supporting the template suspended in balance; a complex layer by layer template forming and removing process is prevented, and an angle iron prefabricated steel deck method is not needed. The pre-stress post-pouring floor construction method is simple, economical and practical, and can satisfy engineering demands in post-pouring floor construction.