The invention relates to screw mounting and detecting integrated equipment based on machine vision and an operating method for the screw mounting and detecting integrated equipment. The screw mounting and detecting integrated equipment comprises a rack, wherein the middle part of the upper part of the rack is provided with a clamping mechanism; a detecting mechanism is mounted on the rack above the clamping mechanism; the top of the rack is provided with a bolt mounting mechanism; the detecting mechanism is connected to an image acquisition card; and the image acquisition card is connected to an industrial-control computer. The screw mounting and detecting integrated equipment based on machine vision can be used for quickly completing a piano top cover clamping process and a hinge screw mounting process, and can be used for precisely detecting whether bolt mounting is qualified or missed by utilizing technologies such as image processing and pattern recognizing, so that assembly quality of the whole piano top cover is guaranteed.