The present invention discloses a general characteristic curve surge control method and system based on a principle of similitude. The general characteristic curve is represented by dimensionless combined parameters obtained by combining according to the principle of similitude, and used as a surge limit line; a distance between an operating point of a compressor and a surge area is calculated accurately to avoid the risk of the unit entering the surge area and reducing energy losses caused by evacuation and backflow as much as possible. The general characteristic curve surge control method and system based on the principle of similitude are used for preventing influence caused by entrance conditions, such as changes in molecular mass, temperature, pressure and the like,during anti-surge control.