The invention discloses a multi-rope lifting steel rope tension force self-balancing testing bench and method. The testing bench comprises a machine frame, a tension force balancing mechanism installed on the machine frame, a dynamic excitation loading mechanism and a data collection and detection system. The machine frame comprises a base, vertical beams, an upper beam, an auxiliary measuring frame, an upper limiting beam, a lower limiting beam, a rope hitch plate fixing beam and an auxiliary loading beam. The tension force balancing mechanism comprises a rope hitch plate, rope head assemblies, wheel plates, support pulleys, guiding pulleys, adjusting steel ropes, suspension rings, and rope adjusting devices. The dynamic excitation loading mechanism comprises electric cylinders, support pulleys, suspension rings, support movable pulleys, loading steel ropes and traction steel ropes. The data collection and detection system comprises first pull force sensors, second pull force sensors, limiting switches, a data collection card and an upper computer. According to the invention, the tension forces of the steel ropes in a multi-rope friction lifting system can be monitored and automatically adjusted in real time.