The invention discloses a bypass setting-up system for rural power distribution network lines. The system includes a mobile cable distributing vehicle, a tension machine, a flexible cable, a cable distribution haulage component, a haulage rope, a winching device, a load switch vehicle and a cable distributing pulley. The mobile cable distributing vehicle comprises a caterpillar base plate, a cable rotating disk and a drive device of the cable rotating disk. The flexible cable on the cable rotating disk is a specially designed tension flexible cable. The front end and the rear end of the cable distribution haulage component are respectively connected to the haulage rope and the flexible cable. The haulage rope hauls the cable distribution haulage component to pass through the cable distributing pulley fixed on an electric pole to be fixed on a rotating disk of the winching device. A rotating disk of an electric disk is controlled to discharge the cable and simultaneously a rotating disk of the winching device is rotated to realize setting up of the flexible cable. The load switch vehicle comprises a caterpillar base plate and a load switch. The load switch can be erected or laid down. After the load switch and the flexible cable are joint together, the on-off of a bypass can be controlled. The mobile cable distributing vehicle and the load switch vehicle both realize automatic vehiclerying of the flexible cable and the load switch through the caterpillar base plates, thereby making set-up of the whole bypass safe and highly efficient.