The invention relates to a viscoelastic solution prepared from a carboxylate anionic surfactant and dimeric quaternary ammonium salt. The carboxylate anionic surfactant is long in hydrophobic chain and good in water solubility. The viscoelastic solution constructed by taking the anionic surfactant as a main body can be prepared after the surfactant and the dimeric quaternary ammonium salt are compounded. The viscoelasticity strength of the solution is related to the length of linking chains among the head groups of the dimeric quaternary ammonium salt. The solution can serve as an environment-friendly product with the good performance and can be applied to formulas of oil field fracturing fluids, drag reducers, daily cleaning agents, detergents, dispersing agents, daily chemicals and the like.