The invention discloses a novel air spring for two-grade rigidity self-adaptive adjustment. The novel air spring comprises a support base, a rubber airbag, an air spring cover plate and an additional air chamber, and further comprises a limiting block 1 and a limiting block 2 respectively arranged at the top of the support base and the inner surface of the top of the additional air chamber, an intake valve pressure adjusting mechanism and an exhaust valve pressure adjusting mechanism; an intake valve throttling hole and an exhaust valve throttling hole are formed in the air spring cover plate; and the intake valve pressure adjusting mechanism and the exhaust valve pressure adjusting mechanism are arranged below the intake valve throttling hole and above the exhaust valve throttling hole. The novel air spring is simple and small in structure, uses the intake valve and the pressure adjusting mechanism thereof, the intake and exhaust valve throttling holes and the additional air chamber for preferably solving the problems of single rigidity and damping characteristics, weak characteristic curves and limited application effects of a traditional air spring, and can achieve an ideal effect in various application places.