The invention relates to an all-terrain chassis capable of rapidly leveling and a leveling method. The chassis comprises a steering axle, a steering axle swinging system, a frame, a left driving wheel, a left driving wheel swinging system, a right driving wheel and a right driving wheel swinging system, wherein a lug plate is arranged above the middle of a steering bridge body and is hinged to the front part of the frame through a steering bridge swinging pin shaft, and the steering bridge can rotate around the swinging pin shaft when meeting a slope; the left driving wheel swinging system and the right driving wheel swinging system are symmetrically installed at the left and right sides of the rear part of the frame, left and right driving motors are respectively installed at the tail ends of the left and right driving wheel swing mounting frame, and the output ends of the left and right driving motors are respectively connected with the left driving wheel and the right driving wheel; and the steering bridge swinging system, the left driving wheel swinging system and the right driving wheel swinging system form a two-point leveling mechanism. According to the chassis, left and right driving wheel swinging hydraulic cylinders are controlled to realize the leveling of the frame, the phenomenon of virtual legs cannot occur, and the chassis has the advantages of simple structure, simple control algorithm and rapid adjustment.