The invention discloses electronic control terahertz polaroid based on graphene, the electronic control terahertz polaroid includes at least two layers of graphene layers, each layer of graphene is of a grid band structure, a dielectric layer is arranged between each two layers of adjacent graphene layers, and the dielectric layer separates the two layers of graphene layers; an even number of layers of graphene layers are jointly connected to an electrode, an odd number of layers of graphene layers are jointly connected to the other electrode, and the two electrodes are loaded with voltage and voltage regulation can be realized. The polaroid prepared by use of a multilayer film structure can regulate performance parameters such as a response frequency band and the degree of polarization through structure parameters of grid bands such as the width and space periods of the grid bands and the number of layers of graphene; and through voltage regulation, the degree of polarization penetrating through terahertz waves can be actively regulated, and the function of selective modulation of terahertz waves in different directions of polarization can also be realized.