The invention discloses a prestressed tension monitoring system, and relates to the field of civil engineering prestressed tension monitoring. The system comprises at least one tensioning instrument, data collection units corresponding to the tensioning instruments in number, a mobile management device and a server. Each tensioning instrument comprises an oil pump and a jack, wherein the oil pump drives the jack to perform prestressed tension construction; the data collection units are connected with the tensioning instruments and used for collecting oil pressure data of the oil pumps and displacement data of the jacks and sending the data to the mobile management device through a wireless network. The mobile management device is used for converting the received oil pressure and displacement data into tensioning force and elongation data, displaying and recording the tensioning force and elongation data and sending the tensioning force and elongation data to the server through the wireless network; the server is used for storing the tensioning force and elongation data. The prestressed tension monitoring system can flexibly and conveniently monitor, record and inquire data and has the advantages of being high in measuring efficiency, precision and accuracy and the like.