The invention discloses a hanging rail type fire controlling and routing inspection robot. The hanging rail type fire controlling and routing inspection robot comprises a traveling portion, lifting visual equipment, locating equipment, detecting equipment, fire fighting device controlling equipment and controlling and communicating equipment. The traveling portion moves on a rail of a hanging rail portion, and the traveling portion comprises a main frame, an all-direction guiding wheel set, an upper inclined wheel assembly and a gear driving wheel assembly; the all-direction guiding wheel set wraps a guide rail body, the upper inclined wheel assembly is located on the upper portion of one side of the guide rail body, and the robot is driven by the gear driving wheel assembly to move; and the position of the traveling portion on the rail is detected and confirmed by the locating equipment. The detecting equipment comprises a gas detecting sensor and smoke detecting equipment; a fire fighting device is operated by the fire fighting device controlling equipment, and the robot is connected with a remote control center in a communication mode by the controlling and communicating equipment. According to the hanging rail type fire controlling and routing inspection robot, the operations of routing inspection and detecting can be conducted along the rail, equipment failures and potential safety hazards are found in time, and the fire fighting operation can be conducted in time.