The invention aims to provide a single-frame particle imaging tachymeter suitable for a high-speed flow field and a speed measurement method. The single-frame particle imaging tachymeter includes a laser, a high-speed CCD camera, a synchronous controller, a particle generator, a sheet light source system, a test window and an image acquisition and analysis system, the synchronous controller is connected with the laser and the high-speed CCD camera, a test flow field is inside the test window, pulse laser generated by the laser is irradiated on the test window through the sheet light source system, the particle generator is connected with the test window, the high-speed CCD camera faces the test window, and the image acquisition and analysis system is connected with the high-speed CCD camera. The single-frame particle imaging tachymeter suitable for the high-speed flow field can well solve the problem of influence on measurement brought by the fact that a synchronizer is difficult to accurately control a pulse interval of a laser and a photographing interval of a high-speed CCD camera when a traditional PIV speed measurement system is applied to a high-speed flow field, and avoids the problem that related particles are searched from two images to perform speed calculation.