The invention discloses a device and method for increasing the directional solidification and purification yield of polysilicon through reverse centrifuging. The device comprises a furnace body and a silicon material container located in the furnace body; the outer side of the side wall of the silicon material container is provided with an annular heat generating body fixedly connected with the furnace body; an annular heating body fixedly connected with the furnace body is arranged on the outer side of the annular heat generating body; a rotating tray is arranged at the lower end of the silicon material container and is fixedly connected with the lower end of the silicon material container through a connecting bolt; the position of the axis of the silicon material container is provided with a water cooling column capable of moving up and down along the axis of the silicon material container; and a circulating flow channel is arranged in the water cooling column. The reverse solidification manner is adopted for the device, under the condition of the gravity effect, impurity diffusion is guaranteed, meanwhile, the centrifugal force guarantees that the thickness of a solid and liquid interface diffusion layer is lowered, and the fractional condensation effect of the device is improved.