The invention relates to the technical field of orthopedic apparatuses, and in particular to a single-lower-limb exoskeleton orthopedic apparatus and an orthopedic control method. The orthopedic apparatus comprises a supporting mechanism, an adjusting mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a thigh supporting part, a calf supporting part and a planta supporting mechanism; the thigh supporting part and the calf supporting part are connected by virtue of a knee joint rotating shaft; the calf supporting part and the planta supporting part are connected; the adjusting mechanism comprises a hydraulic damper; two ends of the hydraulic damper are connected to the thigh supporting part and the calf supporting part; and the control mechanism comprises plantar pressure sensors, a knee joint angle sensor, a piston rod thrust sensor and a controller. The orthopedic apparatus provided by the invention can timely sense a human walking state and adjust the stretching rate of the hydraulic damper , so that piston motions of the hydraulic damper can passively adapt to the human walking status and can be adjusted in accordance with a walking speed; therefore, free walking of a human body can be kept to the greatest extent, and stability can be guaranteed.