The invention relates to an internal combustion engine structure with superheated water being sprayed into a cylinder. The internal combustion engine structure with the superheated water being sprayed into the cylinder comprises an internal combustion engine cylinder block, a throttle valve, an oil sprayer, a sparking plug and a water spraying nozzle and further comprises a condenser, a heat exchanger, a three-way electromagnetic valve, a high-pressure water rail and an electronic control unit. The condenser is connected to the exhaust output end of the internal combustion engine cylinder block. The output end of the condenser is connected with the heat exchanger and a first input end of the three-way electromagnetic valve. The output end of the heat exchanger is connected with a second input end of the three-way electromagnetic valve. The output end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the high-pressure water rail. The high-pressure water rail is connected with the water spraying nozzle. According to the internal combustion engine structure with the superheated water being sprayed into the cylinder, the high-pressure superheated water is sprayed into the cylinder, high-temperature steam is formed through flashing boiling of the superheated water, heat in the cylinder is further absorbed, the superheated water is used as an extra work doing medium, and the heat efficiency of an internal combustion engine system is improved; a control model is established to achieve real-time calculation of the pressure and temperature inside the cylinder, so that it can be guaranteed that the water sprayed into the cylinder is in the superheated state, and therefore the heat efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved.