The invention relates to a high-precision ultrasonic anti-blocking multi-cell biological additive manufacturing method and device, and belongs to the technical field of biological additive manufacturing. A three-axis moving platform is mounted under a horizontal moving shaft, a multi-nozzle component is mounted on the horizontal moving shaft, multiple materials and cells are sprayed by piezoelectric driving and ultrasonic-assisted technology, hydrogel is transformed into sol outside the cells by a micron-sized nozzle, an ultrasonic sprayer device and an ultrasonic anti-blocking method, the cells are accurately positioned and deposited by the micron-sized nozzle, and complicated structural organs are accurately printed in a multi-material, multi-cell and high-activity manner. Reduction of printing accuracy due to enlargement of the nozzle diameter of a traditional cell printer for preventing blockage of a sprayer is avoided, limitation of multi-cell and multi-material composite printing and single-cell accurate printing is overcome, the problems of low cell survival rate and the like in the multi-cell and multi-material printing process are solved, and three-dimensional forming and integrated printing of complicated biological organ tissues are realized.