The invention discloses a quick-response charging valve system having the position control function. The quick-response charging valve system comprises a valve seat, a cylinder block, a main valve element, a piston, a controller and a high-frequency response proportional valve. The main valve element is connected with the piston in a threaded manner. The piston is provided with a displacement sensor sensing the position of the piston. The upper side and the lower side of the piston are provided with an upper control oil port and a lower control oil port communicating with the cylinder block correspondingly. The upper control oil port and the lower control oil part are connected with two work oil ports of the high-frequency response proportional valve in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The high-frequency response proportional valve is connected with the controller and the displacement sensor in an electronic control manner. The quick-response charging valve system having the position control function solves the problem that by the adoption of a traditional charging valve, a rapid hydraulic machine cannot meet the response speed requirement and the opening and closing hydraulic impact requirements, solves the problems that because the traditional charging valve on the hydraulic machine does not have the external monitoring function, accurate judgment is difficult, and the trouble removal time is long and solves the problems that because the opening degree of the traditional charging valve on the hydraulic machine cannot be accurately controlled, the reasonable oil discharge backpressure of the charging valve cannot be kept, and the return stability of the hydraulic machine is low.