The application discloses a robot driving device which comprises a housing, a chassis, a first wheel set, a second wheel set and an electric conductor, wherein the housing is arranged on the peripheral edge of the chassis, and the first and second wheel sets are sequentially arranged on a sidewall of the housing; a timing switch is arranged on the inner wall of the chassis, and is positioned on the first wheel set side of the inner wall of the chassis, a controller is sequentially arranged on the sidewall of the timing switch, and a driving device is arranged in a region between the first wheel set and the sidewall of a headstock of the housing, is welded on the inner wall of the chassis, and is connected with the timing switch through the electric conductor. According to the robot driving device, a memory alloy is heated and deformed, and a gearbox is driven by the deformed memory alloy to drive the wheel sets, so that the size of the driving device is reduced, the weight of the driving device is reduced, and the effect that a robot can be driven by the driving device to move in a small space is achieved.