The invention provides an assessment method for an influence of aircraft contrail generation on global surface temperature. The method comprises the following steps of (1) building a meshing assessment model of a global range; (2) according to meteorological conditions in to-be-assessed meshes, judging a contrail generation situation; (3) according to an air route structure and a flight flow distribution characteristic, calculating a contrail generation frequency index (CFI); (4) through an absolute global temperature potential (AGTP), assessing the influence of the contrail generation on the surface temperature in the to-be-assessed meshes after K years; and (5) performing statistics on heating conditions of all the to-be-assessed meshes, and drawing a global surface heating graph. According to the assessment method for the influence of the aircraft contrail generation on the global surface temperature, the blank of research on a technology for assessing a range of the influence of the aircraft contrail generation on the global surface temperature at home and abroad is made up for, and the global heating graph is accurately drawn on the basis of obtaining historical data of the meteorological conditions, the air route structure and the flight flow.