The invention belongs to the field of mechanical electronics and discloses an impact energy control and detection device. The device comprises an impact cavity component, an impact head component, an ultrahigh-pressure sensor, an adapter block and a check valve. The impact head component is arranged in the impact cavity component, and a high-pressure air-liquid mixed medium is prefilled in a cavity between the impact cavity component and the impact head component. By adjustment of the pressure of the high-pressure air-liquid mixed medium, control of an impact energy maximum value can be realized. The ultrahigh-pressure sensor is communicated with the cavity prefilled with the high-pressure air-liquid mixed medium through the adapter block and is used for detecting the pressure of the high-pressure air-liquid mixed medium prefilled in the impact cavity to realize a dynamic process test of impact energy applied to a tested part. The check valve is communicated with the cavity through the adapter block. The impact energy control and detection device is available for repeated impact energy control and detection, compact and simple in structure and long in service life.