The invention discloses an X-ray nondestructive testing system and method. The X-ray nondestructive testing system comprises a detection terminal, an X-ray machine, an X-ray machine vehicle, a digital imaging plate and an imaging plate vehicle, wherein the detection terminal comprises a central controller, a position regulation device, a display device and a communication device; the position regulation device is in communication connection with the central controller and the communication device in sequence; the central controller is also in communication connection with the display device; the detection terminal is in communication connection with the X-ray machine, the X-ray machine vehicle, the digital imaging plate and the imaging plate vehicle through the communication device; the central controller comprises an image acquisition module and an image analysis module, wherein the image acquisition module is used for obtaining an X-ray image of equipment to be tested; the image analysis module is used for analyzing the X-ray image and calculating and determining a defect or a fault of the equipment to be tested. By use of the system, workers do not need to carry out analysis and calculation, the internal defect or fault of the equipment to be tested can be automatically analyzed, and accuracy is high.