The invention discloses a supported copper oxide catalyst. A preparation method of the supported copper oxide catalyst includes weighing titanium powder, aluminum powder, titanium carbide powder and activated carbon powder according to the mole ratio of Ti to Al to C to TiC being 1.5:1.0:0.5:0.5, and subjecting the powder to microwave sintering to obtain high-purity compact Ti2AlC powder; grinding and sieving the Ti2AlC powder obtained after microwave sintering by an agate mortar to obtain 500-mesh powder; allowing the powder to react with hydrofluoric acid with the concentration of 20% for 6 hours, and performing deionized-water centrifugal drying to obtain a Ti2C material; subjecting the Ti2C to electroless copper plating and thermal oxidation to obtain the Ti2C-CuO-Cu2O catalyst. The supported copper oxide catalyst has the advantages that catalytic efficiency of ordinary copper oxide catalysts can be improved, high-temperature thermal decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate can be reduced remarkably, combustion efficiency can be improved, and catalytic efficiency is better than that of other catalysts.