The invention discloses a non-destructive rudder system mode testing device. The non-destructive rudder system mode testing device comprises a testing rudder surface, an excitation clamp, excitation equipment, a laser vibration measuring device, a loading system, an air pump, and a measurement and control system. The excitation clamp is contacted with the testing rudder surface, and is used to clamp the testing rudder surface, and the excitation equipment is disposed on the excitation point position of the testing rudder surface. The laser vibration measuring device adopts laser to measure the vibration response of the testing rudder surface, and is not contacted with the rudder surface. The loading system is disposed on the static load loading position of the testing rudder surface, and is used to transmit external force to the testing rudder surface in an extruding way. The air pump is connected with the loading system, and is used to provide an air source. The measurement and control system is used to control the excitation equipment, and is used for data exchange with the excitation equipment, and the laser vibration measuring device is used to acquire the vibration responding signal of the testing rudder surface, and is used to process and analyze testing data. The testing device is advantageous in that installation is convenient, and damages on the rudder surface are prevented; a problem of inability of carrying out excitation, loading, and measurement in the rudder system mode tests without damaging the coating of the rudder surface is solved; and testing precision is high.