The invention discloses a sensor fixing device for dynamic detection of damage to a foundation pile of a wharf as well as a detecting device and method for the damage to the foundation pile of the wharf. With the sensor fixing device for dynamic detection of the damage to the foundation pile of the wharf, a sensor can be closely attached to the surface of the foundation pile and can be dismounted conveniently, and the damage to the sensor during mounting and dismounting is avoided; and meanwhile, the measuring precision of the sensor can be improved to a certain extent with the firmer mounting means. With the sensor fixing device as well as the detecting device and method, a detecting instrument for the damage to the foundation pile of the wharf can be placed in the to-be-detected position, so that the detecting instrument is closely attached to the surface of the foundation pile, the detecting point of the foundation pile of the wharf can be detected, and the damage condition of the foundation pile of the wharf can be better judged.