The invention provides an RBF (radial basis function) neural network-based indoor visual environment control system and method. The system includes a data acquisition module, a data processing and control module and an output driving module; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring indoor and outdoor illuminance values; the data processing and control module is used for obtaining indoor illumination control parameters according to the illuminance values and based on an RBF (radial basis function) neural network algorithm and outputting the indoor illumination control parameters; and the output driving module is used for controlling indoor shutter blinds to rotate and/or an indoor lighting lamp to be turned on according to the indoor visual control parameters so as to realize an indoor visual environment comfortable control effect. According to the RBF (radial basis function) neural network-based indoor visual environment control system and method of the invention, the relatively reasonable indoor visual environment neural network control system is constructed, the control precision and universality of the indoor visual comfortable environment control system can be improved, defects such as instability and limitations of a traditional control system and method can be eliminated; and illumination power resources can be saved to the greatest extent with indoor visual comfort ensured.