The present invention discloses a detection method while drilling continuous variable depth seismic focus micro-seismic location. The method comprises the following steps: the step 1: arranging a wave detector at the tail end of a drill stem to receive transmission waves of a drill bit; the step 2, arranging a three-component sensor group on the side of a roadway to detect direct waves and reflected waves at the same time; the step 3, starting a drilling rig; the step 4, enabling the wave detector to send vibration signals transmitted by a drill bit seismic focus through the drilling stem to an explosion-proof geological side detector mainframe through a wireless transmission module, and enabling the three-component sensor group to send received direct waves and/or reflected waves to the explosion-proof geological side detector mainframe through the wireless transmission module; the step 5, enabling the explosion-proof geological side detector mainframe to analyze and process received data to obtain a detection conclusion. The detection method while drilling continuous variable depth seismic focus micro-seismic location can be used for real-time predication of details of the geologic structures ahead of the drill bit and is widely applicable to the fields of coal mines, field oil-gas exploration, tunnel construction, seismic detection and the like.