The invention provides an energy-absorbing component and a bullet train; the energy-absorbing component comprises a mechanical hook, a buffer device, an expansion pipe, a mounting plate and energy-absorbing blocks; the mechanical hook is arranged at the front end of the buffer device, the rear end of the buffer device is connected with a first crush device, the first crush device is fixed to one side of the mounting plate, one end of the expansion pipe is fixed to the other side of the mounting plate, the middle of each energy-absorbing plate is provided with a first mounting hole, and the expansion pipe penetrates the first mounting holes; through the buffer device at the rear of the mechanical hook, the expansion pipe at the rear of the buffer device and the energy-absorbing blocks sleeving the expansion pipe, when a bullet train experiences impact, the buffer device and the expansion pipe absorb part of the impact, the mounting plate compresses the energy-absorbing blocks so that they experience plastic deformation, and the impact is further absorbed; the ability to absorb impact is improved, and safety of the bullet train is improved.