The invention relates to a camera interchangeable dynamic light splitting imaging system and a method thereof applied to high-dynamic imaging. The system realizes high-quality imaging of a target by adopting a combined imaging mode, combining a rear-end image fusion processing algorithm, and forming a structure of a main lens, an adaptor, a plurality of cameras and multi-source image fusion. According to the system, a single-sensor imaging mode of a one-time single light path of a conventional optical measuring system is changed into a dynamic light splitting multi-sensor imaging mode; key technologies, such as a large dynamic range imaging scheme, a light splitting ratio dynamic adjustable adaptor module and a multi-wave band high-dynamic image fusion algorithm, are broken through; the problems about integrated installing and synchronous imaging of a plurality of types of advanced sensors, multi-source image fusion, an enhanced processing algorithm and the like are solved; optical measurement information are acquired to the maximal extent; high-dynamic, high-speed, multi-wave band, high-resolution and high-quality imaging of a target in a target range is realized; the optical measurement level of a test in the target range is effectively improved.