The invention discloses a mounting and locating structure of first plates in a corrugated steel web bridge zero block and an operating method, and belongs to the field of bridge construction. The mounting and locating structure structurally comprises a main pier, a work platform, cross beams, lateral support templates, a support base fixed to the bottom of each first corrugated plate, multiple inclined struts and wind cables for preliminarily locating each first corrugated plate, a multi-truss supporting frame for accurately locating each first corrugated plate, and multiple connecting steel plates which are connected with each lateral support template and the adjacent first corrugated plate respectively, wherein the multiple inclined struts and wind cables are used for preliminarily locating each first corrugated plate. By means of the mounting and locating structure of the first plates in the corrugated steel web bridge zero block and the operating method, the problems are solved that the zero block is complicated in structure, reinforcing steel bars are densely distributed, too many prestressed cables are arranged. Besides, the first corrugated plates in the zero block are mounted through secondary locating, assembly work and procedure operation are achieved, the labor hour is saved, locating is precisely conducted, and the quality is improved; meanwhile, various auxiliary mounting components can be repeatedly utilized, the materials are saved, and therefore the mounting and locating structure of the first plates in the corrugated steel web bridge zero block and the operating method have the advantages of being simple in configuration, convenient to use, obvious in work efficiency, economical and reasonable, safe and reliable, precise in locating and the like.