The invention relates to a cooling and waste heat utilizing system for calcined coke, in particular to a cooling and waste heat utilizing system for high-temperature calcined coke of a carbon pot-type furnace and a using method of the cooling and waste heat utilizing system. A pot-type furnace water jacket comprises an upper water jacket and a lower water jacket. The upper water jacket adopts an evaporation cooling manner to exchange heat with the high-temperature calcined coke, a steam pocket is used for carrying out steam-water separation to produce saturated steam, the produced saturated steam is led to a superheater of a flue header pipe, and needed superheated steam is provided for downstream users. The lower water jacket adopts a cooling water indirect heat exchanging manner to further reduce the temperature of the high-temperature calcined coke which is cooled by the upper water jacket to the discharging temperature so that the calcined coke can enter a pot-type discharging system. The cooling and waste heat utilizing system has the beneficial effects that most heat of the high-temperature calcined coke can be recovered to form low-temperature and low-pressure superheated steam; the water amount of the pot-type furnace calcined coke cooling system is greatly reduced; and when the steam pocket and a steam system break down, the steam pocket and the steam system can be isolated from the upper water jacket, a circulating cooling water system of the lower water jacket supplements water, the cooling effect of the upper water jacket is guaranteed, and the safety and the reliability of the system are greatly improved.