The invention provides a PCBA automatic test system. The system comprises a system initialization module which is configured for initializing each software module and hardware module; a script compiling module which is configured for calling and compiling corresponding test scripts for different target PCBA; an automatic test module which is configured for performing operation testing on the compiled scripts of the script compiling module step by step; a data acquisition module which is configured for providing a reading interface for measurement data and a processing interface for various data; a database module which is configured for storing and managing target PCBA configuration files, the corresponding test reference values of the target PCBA and the automatic test report; and a test and control link board control module which is configured for controlling the switch matrix in the test and control link board so as to control different loop matches to connect various measurement instruments and the target PCBA to realize physical quantity measurement or supply. The invention also provides a PCBA automatic test method and device.