The invention belongs to the field of anchor rod and anchor cable support in the mining industry or the traffic tunnel industry and particularly relates to an elastic supporting type resin anchoring agent anti-fall tail fin and a spraying and anchoring method. The elastic supporting type resin anchoring agent anti-fall tail fin comprises a plurality of elastic fin pieces and a hollow thin-walled cylinder. The inner diameter of the tail fin thin-walled cylinder is smaller than the outer diameter of a resin anchoring agent which is matched with the tail fin thin-walled cylinder for using. The outer diameter of the tail fin thin-walled cylinder is smaller than the hole diameter of a drilled hole. The multiple elastic fin pieces are evenly distributed, one ends of the elastic fin pieces are connected to the hollow thin-walled cylinder, and the other ends of the elastic fin pieces are freely suspended. The elastic fin pieces and the hollow thin-walled cylinder are overall in an inverted-cone shape. In the stretching state, the diameters of incircles of the suspended sections of the elastic fin pieces are larger than the diameter of the drilled hole, and the pointed ends of the elastic fin pieces have sharpness. According to the designed anti-fall tail fin which is simple and is easily mounted on the existing resin anchoring agent, the situation that the anchoring agent is inserted in the drilled hole is not affected, the anchoring agent can also be prevented from falling off from the vertical drilled hole, and in addition, the anti-fall tail fin in a spraying hose can further increase the action area of compressed gas for pushing the anchoring agent in spraying.