The invention discloses an MEMS (Micro-electromechanical System) gyroscope sliding mode control method based on a disturbance observer, which is used for solving the technical problem of poor practicability of the existing MEMS gyroscope sliding mode control method. According to the technical scheme, the steps are as follows: designing a disturbance observer firstly, estimating and compensating disturbance in sliding mode control, thereby reducing buffeting; meanwhile, according to the prediction error and the tracking error of a neutral network, designing the combined self-adaptive rule of aneural network weight, and correcting the weight coefficient of the neural network, thereby realizing the effective dynamic estimation of unknown dynamics. According to the method, the effective dynamic estimation of unknown dynamics can be realized by designing the combined self-adaptive rule of the neural network weight and correcting the weight coefficient of the neutral network. In combinationwith the sliding mode control theory, the feed-forward compensation of the unknown dynamics of an MEMS gyroscope can be realized, and further, the control precision of the MEMS gyroscope can be improved. The disturbance observer is designed for estimating and compensating the external disturbance and effectively reducing the buffeting of a sliding mode, and is good in practicability.