A high-speed railway GSM-R network dynamic detection method and system mainly solve the dynamic real-time detection and real-time analysis of a high-speed railway GSM-R network state and can realize hidden danger analysis of the sudden anomaly of the GSM-R network. The system integrates a traditional independent instrument test system (instrument, test train) into multiple test circuit board detection modules that are installed separately on high-speed trains operating normally, achieve long-range dynamic testing by using a wireless network so that a maintainer can easily determine and analyzewhether base station parameters is reasonably designed and can timely find out the system problems in a network optimization phas to ensure the normal operation of a GSM-R system. The method and system can combine the detected GSM-R network environment information with train control information, and transmit data to the ground through the GPRS and GSM-R wireless transmission technologies, and realize the real-time dynamic monitoring of the GSM-R network where a running train is located.