The invention belongs to the technical field of robot control, and provides a robot emergent stop control system and method. An obstacle detection module is controlled by a master control module to judge whether the distance between a robot and an obstacle is smaller than the preset threshold or not, if the distance between the robot and the obstacle is smaller than the preset threshold, the robotis controlled to execute the emergent brake operation, if the distance between the robot and the obstacle is not smaller than the preset threshold, the master control module controls a touch switch detection module to detect whether a touch switch is triggered or not, if the touch switch is triggered, the robot is controlled to execute the emergent brake operation, if the touch switch is not triggered, the master control module controls an emergent stop switch detection module to detect whether an emergent stop switch is pressed down or not, if the emergent stop switch is pressed down, the robot is controlled to execute the emergent brake operation, if the emergent stop switch is not pressed down, the master control module controls an outer control emergent stop detection module to judgewhether an emergent stop instruction is received or not, if the emergent stop instruction is received, the robot is controlled to execute the emergent brake operation, and if the emergent stop instruction is not received, the master control module continuously controls the obstacle detection module to judge whether the distance between the robot and the obstacle is smaller than the preset threshold or not. Accordingly, in the robot motion process, the emergent brake operation effect on the robot can be executed.