The invention relates to a double-drum type hydraulic shock absorber cooling system integrating air cooling and water cooling. The cooling system comprises structures including a water pump, an electric fan, water cooling plates, sensors, an electronic control unit and the like. The vibration frequency sensors are used for measuring the vibration frequency when a shock absorber works; the temperature sensors are used for detecting the temperatures of oil liquid in a shock absorber body and cooling water in a cooling water pipe at every moment; the electric fan cooperates with the cooling waterto cool the hydraulic shock absorber, and the cooling water and the water cooling plates are cooled; the water pump is used for controlling flowing of the cooling water so as to cool the hydraulic shock absorber; and the water cooling plates are used for cooling the shock absorber body. The hydraulic shock absorber cooling system is stable, the cooling combined mode is diversified, the intelligence degree is high, the cooling effect is obvious, the hydraulic shock absorber cooling system can well adapt to a double-drum type hydraulic shock absorbing system, and the problems that the temperature inside a cylinder of the double-drum type hydraulic shock absorber is ultrahigh, and consequentially the working performance is lowered or even loses efficacies are solved.