The invention discloses a method for identifying an emergence phenomenon based on fractal, which belongs to the technical field of cellular automaton. In the invention, an evolution result is seen asa binary image, and the connected regions exceeding an area threshold are extracted. Then, the similarity of the screened connected regions is calculated using an SIFT algorithm, and sets of similarity matrixes are obtained based on the idea of union-find. If there is only one set of similarity matrixes, it can be concluded that the structures in the evolution graph are basically similar to one another, the evolution graph of the cellular automaton has obvious fractal characteristics, and there is an emergence phenomenon in the cellular automaton. The method of the invention is used in image processing, animation production, fashion design, IC card design, room decoration design, city planning and so on, can determine whether the evolution rules of the cellular automaton have an emergencephenomenon, and provides a feasible mode of screening for evolution rules which may have an emergence phenomenon. Thus, the applicability of the cellular automaton is improved.