The invention discloses a small village highway bridge reconstruction and reinforcement method. A reinforcement module is included. The reinforcement module comprises an under-bridge reinforcement module and an on-bridge reinforcement module. The under-bridge reinforcement module comprises a water and soil protection module, a pile foundation enlargement module and a pile cap repairing module. Theon-bridge reinforcement module comprises a bridge deck expansion module, a bridge deck strengthening module and a monitoring module. The water and soil protection module comprises a gabion protectionmodule and an embedded wall building module. The pile foundation enlargement module comprises a cleaning module, a dabbing module and a strengthening module. The embedded wall building module comprises an embedded wall. The pile cap repairing module comprises a new pile cap which is built under water and an old pile cap. According to the invention, scouring and damage to a pile foundation by currents are avoided, forced sedimentation is conducted under piers, thus water and soil are effectively conserved, the pile foundation is avoided being emptied, the cost of reinforcement is lowered, thepile foundation is effectively improved, the weight of passing vehicles is detected, damage to the bridge by overweight vehicles is effectively avoided, and thus the maintenance cost of the bridge islowered.