The invention relates to the technical field of polycrystalline silicon production and discloses a stoppage cooling method for a polycrystalline silicon reduction furnace and a cooling system for thepolycrystalline silicon reduction furnace. According to the stoppage cooling method for the polycrystalline silicon reduction furnace, heated cooling gas is utilized for blowing the polycrystalline silicon reduction furnace, flows directionally among a plurality of silicon rods, escapes from the surrounding of the reduction furnace and takes away the heat simultaneously. The temperature of the cooling gas is higher than the ambient temperature and is lower than the temperature of the silicon rods at the middle part of the reduction furnace, and therefore, the temperature difference between thepreheated cooling gas and the silicon rods or parts in the furnace is small (relative to the ambient gas), and the explosion cannot occur easily in the cooling process; and due to blowing of the cooling gas, faster gas flow is formed among the silicon rods, so that the effect that the cooling gas can take away the heat among the silicon rods at the middle part of the reduction furnace is facilitated. The cooling system for the polycrystalline silicon reduction furnace comprises a non-contact type temperature measuring instrument, a heating device, an air pump, a blowing device and pipelines for communicating all the devices.