The invention provides a coaling and coke pushing system of a heat-exchanged two-stage coke oven. The system is characterized by including a ground coal feeding system, a coaling system and a coke pushing system, wherein the ground coal feeding system comprises ground coal bunkers, a ground belt conveyor and a chain-bucket elevator or a ground coal feeding belt conveyor, the chain-bucket elevatoror the ground coal feeding belt conveyor lifts coal material and is in butt joint with an unloading belt conveyor on a coal feeding gallery on the side of the coke oven through a distributor, the coaling system comprises a coal feeding belt conveyor which is in butt joint with the unloading belt conveyor, the coal material is connected with a mobile cloth belt conveyor through the coal feeding belt conveyor, the mobile cloth belt conveyor is communicated with the top of a pre-heating coal material bunker, the coke pushing system comprises coke pushing devices, a door opening device, a frame cleaning device, a door cleaning device, a coke spillage collection device, a coil base sweeping device and the like. The invention further discloses a coaling and coke pushing method of a coke pushingmachine. The system and the method can well adapt to work of the heat-exchanged two-stage coke oven, improve the environment-friendly dedusting effect and reduce the labor intensity of workers.