The invention discloses a multi-user computation unloading method and device based on a chemical reaction optimization algorithm. A computation unloading device collects real-time information of a mobile terminal and an edge server, and the real-time information comprises the CPU load, the current electric quantity, the network bandwidth and like information of the terminal and the state information of a virtual machine of the edge server, the completion time of an application and the energy consumption occupied weight of the terminal are adjusted so as to establish an application completion time model, a terminal energy consumption model and a scheduler module; according to the collected real-time information and the established model, a selection decision is worked out by adopting the multi-user computation unloading method based on the chemical reaction optimization algorithm to obtain a quasi-optimal result of an application program, thereby improving the application performance and reducing the terminal energy consumption.