The invention discloses an opening cover lock device based on a linkage mechanism. The opening cover lock device comprises lock holes formed in an opening frame as well as a limiting block, a lock cylinder, a spring, connecting rods, lock rods and guide rings which are arranged on an opening cover. According to the opening cover lock device, a double-slider mechanism is adopted, the lock cylinderis one slider, the lock rods are another sliders, under the action of an unlocking structure, through the opening cover lock device, the lock cylinder linear movement perpendicular to the opening cover plane is converted into the lock rod linear movement parallel with the opening cover plane through transfer by the aid of the connecting rods, the thickness of tabs at the head of the unlocking structure is designed according to the lock cylinder unlocking travel, after the lock cylinder is moved in place, the unlocking structure is expanded automatically under the action of the middle spring, the link of manual in-place unlocking judgment is omitted, and the unlocking operation is simplified.